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Crown gall disease of grapevine has severe current paucity of antimicrobial development. flavonoids a group of polyphenols that are
detrimental efects on grapevine performance The present study aimed to assess the anti­ known to exert anti­cancer properties via mul­
and crop quality The disease is induced by bacterial activity of carvacrol, naturally present tiple cellular mechanisms Even though there
the soil­dwelling bacterium Allorhizobium vitis, in essential oils of herbs such as oregano and are advancements in early detection of cancer
which can be introduced into vineyard soil thyme, against Streptococcus pyogenes. Car­ surgery chemotherapy and radiotherapy to
via infected planting material Soil­borne A. vacrol was evaluated for the growth inhibition, manage various cancers five­year sur vivability
vitis infections are enhanced by the presence bactericidal effect and time­to­kill, against four is lesser than 15% and chemotherapy­asso­
of plant­parasitic nematodes because they strains of S. pyogenes. Cytoplasmic leakage ciated side efects are significant Therefore
induce root wounds through which the bacte­ of carvacrol­treated bacteria supernatants cancer prevention through dietary modifi­
rium can enter the vine and establish systemic were assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis cations has been received growing interest
infection Compost application has previously and lactose dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Hence this study focuses on investigating
reduced pathogenic nematode populations in Ultrastructureal changes were obser ved by the efects of selected flavonoids in reducing
soil Therefore we hypothesiZed that compost transmission microscopy (TEM). Changes in 4­[(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamino]­1­(3­pyrid­
amendments would reduce the se verity of A. cell membrane potential and permiability yl)­1­butanone (NNKAc)­induced DNA damage
vitis infection by reducing soil nematode pop­ were assessed using Flow cytometry (FCM). in cultured human bronchial epithelial cells
ulations In this study three composts were A protoplast­model was used to confirm the (BEAS­2B) To identify efective flavonoids
applied in­row in a long­established vine yard membrane target of carvacrol. All the tested the dose­dependent response of selected
infested with both plant­parasitic nematodes strains were susceptible to carvacrol with the compounds against NNKAc­induced reactive
and A. vitis in the spring of 2019 and 2020 Bulk minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxygen species (ROS) was conducted using
soil was collected in the spring and fall of both 125 µg /mL and minimum bacterial concentra­ 2' 7'­dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA)
years to quantify A. vitis per gram of soil Visual tion (MBC) of 250 µg /mL. Time­to­kill was only assay The most efective tested compounds
ratings of disease severity plant performance 5 min for carvacrol at MBC when compared of carcinogen­induced ROS generation were
and crop quality measurements were also to 24 hr for Penicillin G at its respective MBC. assessed for cytotoxicity using the MTS assay
taken throughout 2019 and 2020 There were Dose­dependent leakage of nucleic acids, The ability to reduce carcinogen­induced DNA
no significant diferences in the concentration LDH activity, morphological damages, cell damage of selected flavonoids was conducted
of A. vitis in bulk soil nor in visual ratings of permeability increasement and decrease in using gamma­H2AX immunofluorescence
disease severity between treatments Average membrane potential were obser ved in carvac­ and DNA fragmentation assays Luteolin
berr y weights (g; p = 0 023) berr y titratable rol­treated bacteria. Protoplast experiments chrysin quercetin genistein cyanidin and
acidity (g /L; p = 0 040) and leaf greenness (p confirmed the membrane damage mecha­ isorhamnetin reduced significantly (p<0 05)
= 0 033) were afected by the application of nism of carvacrol. However, carvacrol doesnot the carcinogen­induced ROS generation
compost treatments afer two years Our data exhibited the cytotoxicity towards to human in BEAS­2B cells Furthermore quercetin
indicate that berr y tartness and sourness ber­ tonsil epithelial cells. Car vacrol exhibited luteolin and genistein reduced significantly
ry weights and overall plant vigour increased growth inhibition and bactericidal properties (p<0 05) the carcinogen­induced DNA damage
following compost application Increased against S. pyogenes through disruption of the in BEAS­2B cells Therefore consumption of
plant vigour may be detrimental as it can re­ bacterial membrane. Therefore, carvacrol has fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids such as
duce grape production and make vines more the potential to develop safe and efficacious quercetin luteolin and genistein may have a
susceptible to disease natural health products for S. pyogenes positive efect on reducing the risk of cancer
infections. and further investigations are suggested
19. Can herbal essential oils use to treat
strep throat?: antibacterial activity of 20. Plant­derived dietary flavonoids pro­ Session 5. Regular author oral
carvacrol against Streptococcus pyogenes tect cultured human lung epithelial cells presentations: Genetics, Biotech­
N. M. WIJESUNDARA AND H. P. V. RUPASINGHE. from chemical­induced DNA damage
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Dal­ TL SURAWEERA H P V RUPASINGHE Z XU nology and Breeding
housie University, Halifax, NS, Canada. (H.P.V.R.) AND G DELLAIRE (T.L.S., H.P.V.R.) Department
Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, 21. Genetic stability analysis of stem so­
Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, lidness and grain yield in spring wheat
University, Truro, NS, Canada, Department 50, Pictou Road, Truro, B2N 2R8, NS, Canada; M SUBEDI H A CARCAMO J J KNODEL D
of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie (H.P.V.R., G.D.) Department of Pathology, Faculty K WEAVER R D CUTHBERT C J POZNIAK
University, Halifax, NS, Canada. of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, BH3 K T NILSEN AND B L BERES Agriculture and
4R2, NS, Canada; (Z.X.) QEII Health Sciences Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and
Herbal plants and spices have biologically Centre, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Development Centre, 5403-1st Avenue South,
active compounds with several therapeutic B3H 1V8, NS, Canada. Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada T1J 4B1; (J.J.K.)
and pharmacological applications. Identify the Extension Entomology, 210 Walster Hall, PO
specific phytochemicals as natural antimicro­ Fruits and vegetables are dietary sources of Box 6050, North Dakota State University, Fargo,
bial agents has renewed interest due to the ND 58108-6050; (D.K.W.) Department of Land

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