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isolate from each sub­population onto six B. over the four consecutive (2017­2020) seasons as a dose response with toxin concentration
napus lines with quantitative resistance Sub­ in Manitoba. Fusarium poae (FP), F. gramin­ The symptoms were also obser ved in pear
sequent analysis of variance was significant earum (FG), F. sporotrichioides (FS), F. equiseti another host of P. expansum and the non­host
for isolate line and isolate by line interaction (FE), and F. avenaceum (FA) were isolated, citrus fruit mandarin Patulin biosynthesis
These 17 isolates represent the genomic and and multiplex PCR confirmed the presence of was recently shown to be completed outside
pathogenic diversity in western Canada and these pathogens in barley grains. FP and FG of the fungal cell Therefore impacts on the
are suitable for resistance screening of new were predominant in barley grains in all four fungus were investigated using five P. expan­
canola varieties years. FP was detected in 84%, 65.9%, 61.7%, sum strains and one Penicillium crustosum
and 55.2%, compared to 34%, 56.8%, 40.4%, strain Levels of tolerance to exogenously
57. Physiological and RNASeq analysis of and 43.4% of barley fields infected with FG applied toxin varied as germination rates
the wheat cultivar “AAC Tenacious” under from 2017­2020, respectively. DNA concentra­ difered greatly when challenged but all
F. graminearum infection tion of FP (7.5, 2.87, 1.1 pg /ng) and FG (3.1, 1.1, strains were able to produce viable colonies
M A HENRIQUEZ K T NILSEN S 1.4 pg /ng) were also quantified using RT­qPCR However other posthar vest phytopathogenic
WALKOWIAK C J POZNIAK O MOLINA S from 2017­2019. Both PCR analyses indicate fungi Colletotrichum fiorinae and Alternaria
KUMAR R DHARIWAL H S RANDHAWA B that last 4­year, the FP was detected as the alternata were completely inhibited and did
BYRN Morden Research and Development most dominating species over FG. NIV appears not germinate We predict that these findings
Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Unit to be the most common mycotoxin, was will provide a foundation for intervention tech­
101 Route 100, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada; detected in 94% (mean 216 ppb, maximum nologies to block decay preser ve fruit quality
(K.T.N., S.K.) Brandon Research and Develop­ 3252 ppb) and 66% (mean 412 ppb, maximum and abate toxin production in the fungus
ment Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Cana­ 2377 ppb) of barley fields from 2018­2019,
da, 2701 Grand Valley Road, Brandon, MB, R7A respectively. DON was detected in 26% (mean 60. Modernization of Canadian Potato
5Y3, Canada; (S.W.) Grain Research Laboratory, 56 ppb, maximum 1488 ppb) and 24% (mean Post Entry Quarantine program by intro­
Canadian Grain Commission, 196 Innovation 65 ppb, maximum 2051 ppb) of barley fields. ducing molecular and genomic diagnostic
Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 6C5, Canada; (C.J.P.) Results will help researchers to investigate methods for detecting virus and viroid
Crop Development Centre, University of Sas­ potential management strategies to suppress pathogens in imported potato germplasm
katchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, barley­FHB in Manitoba. H XU AND D L HAMMILL Canadian Food
Canada S7N 5A8; (R.D. and H.S.R.) Lethbridge Inspection Agency, Charlottetown Laboratory,
Research and Development Centre, Agriculture 59. A double agent: The mycotoxin patulin 93 Mount Edward Road, Charlottetown, PEI,
and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 – 1st Avenue serves multiple roles during host­fun­ C1A 5T1, Canada.
South, PO Box 3000, Lethbridge, AB, T1J 4B1, gal­nonhost interactions

Canada; (B.B.) University of Saskatchewan, 51 H P BARTHOLOMEW M J BRADSHAW O Abstact Withdrawn
Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8, MACARISIN V L GASKINS J M FONSECA
Canada. AND W M JURICK II USDA-ARS, Food Quality Session 11. Invited keynote
Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, speaker
Abstract Withdrawn Maryland, USA.
61. Soil bacteria and plant growth
58. Levels of mycotoxins in barley grains Mycotoxin contamination is a leading cause B R GLICK Department of Biology, University
as infected by Fusarium head blight of food spoilage globally One of the top of Waterloo, ON, Canada.
species in Manitoba, Canada from 2017 mycotoxins of concern is patulin which
to 2020 is found in processed pome (apple pear
I. M. NARZUL, M. TABASSUM, S. SURA, K. ANNE, quince) fruit products Produced mainly by How can we continue to feed all of the
people in the world as the world's population
D. KAMINSKI AND X. WANG. Morden Research Penicillium and Aspergillus species patulin is continues to increase? We can increase crop

and Development Centre, AAFC, Canada; (K.A., a lactone polyketide that has cytotoxic efects productivity through the use of (i) transgenic
D.K.) Manitoba Agriculture and Resource Devel­ in humans sur vives pasteuriZation and is plants (ii) plant genome modification or (iii)
opment, Manitoba, Canada. stable during fermentation While much is the application of plant growth­promoting
known regarding the impact of patulin on bacteria (PGPB) PGPB are soil bacteria that fa­
FHB can cause dramatic yield loss, lower human health there are significant knowledge cilitate plant growth through their association
grade, and contaminate small cereal grains gaps for how it afects plants and fungi Here with roots shoots leaves fruits or other plant
(e.g., barley, oat, wheat) with fungal toxins we utiliZed purified patulin at physiologically
(mycotoxin). This disease can savage crop and relevant concentrations to determine if the tissues PGPB may promote plant growth
be responsible for up to $1.5 billion in income toxin alone could mimic Penicillium expansum directly by synthesiZing auxin cytokinin or
gibberellin fixing nitrogen lowering ethylene
loss ever y year in Canada. Mycotoxins in barley symptoms in apple fruit Direct inoculation levels sequestering iron or solubiliZing P or K
have resulted in a growing concern of human of six apple cultivars with patulin revealed a PGPB may also facilitate plant growth indirect­
and animal health hazards as recent increase cultivar­independent susceptibility as well
of FHB in barley. We sur veyed 180 barley fields ly by preventing or decreasing the inhibitory

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